Journal: Molecular Psychiatry
Article Title: Inhibition of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor corrects maternal inflammation-induced microglial and synaptic dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities
doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-0671-2
Figure Lengend Snippet: a Gene ontology (GO) biological processes pathway analysis shows that MIA microglia increase synaptogenic functions while repopulated microglia recover homeostatic functions. Left (red): Top significantly enriched GO biological process terms increased by MIA and decreased by repopulation. Right (purple): Top significantly enriched GO biological process terms decreased by MIA and increased by repopulation. These GO findings were verified using GORILLA. b IPA of genes with differential expression in microglia between MIA versus Saline (RNA-seq data). Pathway analysis reveals MIA-induced upregulation of neuritogenic gene expression, specifically in developmental stages, based on activation z -score. Red denotes pathway activated in E17 MIA microglia. c Genes in “neuritogenesis/formation of cellular protrusions” function. Hierarchal clustering of gene sets based on relative expression values; red: high relative expression, blue: low relative expression. Cluster 1 represents genes increased in adult MIA microglia but reduced in MIA + MG-REP including Ctnnd2, Ncam2, and Ntrk2 . Cluster 2 represents genes increased in immature MIA microglia including Ncam2, Ntn, Ptn and Wnt5a . Cluster3 represents genes decreased in immature MIA microglia including Plau. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunofluorescence of E17 Saline or MIA offspring in the cortical plate region. d mRNA of cellular protrusion/ neuritogenic genes ( Ctnnd2, Ncam2, Ntn, Ptn, and Wnt5a ) were detected by florescent-labeled antisense cRNA probes (red) but not by scramble cRNA probe (not detected: N.D.), and the sections were immunostained for IBA1 (green) and DAPI (blue). e The number of IBA1 + cells expressing the cellular protrusion/neuritogenic genes were quantified in the cortical plate region. n = (4–5/2) male mice/ litters per molecule for Saline and MIA, n = 3 for scramble control probe. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ns denotes no significance, by unpaired Student t test. Graphs indicate mean ± s.e.m. ELISA verification of selected RNA-seq molecules: CTNND2 ( f ), NCAM2 ( g ), NTRK2 ( h ), NTN ( i) , PTN ( j ) and WNT5A ( k ) in acutely isolated microglia. MIA increases protein expression of cellular protrusion/neuriotgenic molecules in microglia that were normalized via repopulation. n = (6/4, 6/3, 5/3, 6/3) female mice/litters for P60 Saline + CTRL, MIA + CTRL, Saline + MG-REP and MIA + MG-REP. CTNND2: Prenatal treatment effect, F (1,19) = 157.1, p < 0.0001, Drug effect, F (1,19) = 262.7, p < 0.0001, Interaction effect, F (1,19) = 201, p < 0.0001, NCAM2: Prenatal treatment effect, F (1,19) = 23.76, p = 0.0001, Drug effect, F (1,19) = 26.29, p < 0.0001, Interaction effect, F (1,19) = 17.63, p = 0.0005, NTRK2: Prenatal treatment effect, F (1,18) = 13.99, p = 0.0015, Drug effect, F (1,18) = 12.45, p = 0.0024, Interaction effect, F (1,18) = 0.06203, p = 0.8061, NTN: Prenatal treatment effect, F (1,19) = 0.01669, p = 0.8986, Drug effect, F (1,19) = 0.8, p = 0.3823, Interaction effect, F (1,19) = 6.121, p = 0.0230, PTN: Prenatal treatment effect, F (1,19) = 10.31, p = 0.0046, Drug effect, F (1,19) = 52.02, p < 0.0001, Interaction effect, F (1,19) = 0.002927 p = 0.9574, WNT5A: Prenatal treatment effect, F (1,19) = 5.581, p = 0.0290, Drug effect, F (1,19) = 1.550, p = 0.2282, Interaction effect, F (1,19) = 0.0834 p = 0.7799, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001 as determined by 2-way ANOVA (alpha = 0.05) with Tukey’s post-hoc. # p < 0.05 for main effect of MIA. Graphs indicate mean ± s.e.m.
Article Snippet: For the detection of NCAM2, CTNND2 and WNT5A, custom ELISA kits were developed according to the manufacturer’s instruction using anti-NCAM2 goat polyclonal antibody (0.3 μg/well Acris Antibodies GmbH, AP32136PU-N), biotinylated anti-NCAM2 goat polyclonal antibody using Antibody Biotinylation Kit (0.3 μg/ml, Pierce/Thermo Scientific, 90407), anti-CTNND2 mouse monoclonal antibody (0.3 μg/well, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, SC-81793, clone 40.1), biotinylated anti-CTNND2 rabbit antibody (1 μg/ml, Abcam, EPR17628), anti-WNT5A goat polyclonal antibody (0.3 μg/well, R&D Systems, AF645), and biotinylated anti-WNT5A antibody using Antibody Biotinylation Kit (1 μg/ml, Pierce).
Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Saline, RNA Sequencing, Gene Expression, Activation Assay, Expressing, In Situ Hybridization, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Control, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Isolation
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